{"id":103,"date":"2018-10-31T06:42:31","date_gmt":"2018-10-31T06:42:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/?p=103"},"modified":"2025-04-01T11:34:53","modified_gmt":"2025-04-01T18:34:53","slug":"what-tang-taizong-could-not-do-the-koryo-surrender-of-1259-and-the-imperial-tradition-in-east-asia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/what-tang-taizong-could-not-do-the-koryo-surrender-of-1259-and-the-imperial-tradition-in-east-asia\/","title":{"rendered":"What Tang Taizong Could Not Do: The Kory\u014f Surrender of 1259 and the Imperial Tradition"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>2018<\/strong> \u201cWhat Tang Taizong Could Not Do: The Kory\u014f Surrender of 1259 and the Imperial Tradition\u201d <em>T\u2019oung Pao <\/em>104:3-4\u00a0(October).<\/p>\n<h2>Abstract<\/h2>\n<h3>English<\/h3>\n<p>The surrender of the Kory\u014f crown prince to Khubilai Khan in 1259 heralded a century of Mongol domination in Korea. According to the <em>Kory\u014f sa<\/em>, the official Korean dynastic history, Khubilai saw the timely Korean capitulation as demonstrating his superiority over the Tang emperor Taizong, who had failed to subjugate Korea by force. Although the account certainly embellished certain details, notably the voluntary nature of the surrender, this paper argues that it nonetheless captures an important dynamic between Korean diplomatic strategy and the political and ideological goals of Khubilai and his advisers. The Kory\u014f court, hoping to ensure the kingship\u2019s institutional survival, portrayed Korea as representing the cultural and political legacies of the imperial past to make common cause with Khubilai\u2019s officials who sought to recast the Mongol empire in the image of China\u2019s past imperial dynasties. The convergence of Korean diplomatic missives, accounts in Chinese and Korean historiography, and writings by Khubilai\u2019s closest Chinese advisers on the themes of imperial restoration and cultural revival result in part from these interactions. Moreover, these interactions helped interpolate Korea into the repertoire of political legitimation, in which Korea\u2019s role was redefined from an object of irredentist desire, to a component in the construction of imperial authority.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Fran\u00e7ais<\/h3>\n<p>La soumission du prince h\u00e9ritier de Kory\u014f \u00e0 Khubilai Khan en 1259 inaugura un si\u00e8cle de domination mongole en Cor\u00e9e. Selon le <em>Kory\u014f s<\/em>a, l\u2019histoire dynastique officielle de Cor\u00e9e, Khubilai appr\u00e9henda la capitulation comme une preuve de sa propre sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 sur l\u2019empereur Taizong des Tang, qui jadis avait \u00e9chou\u00e9 \u00e0 subjuguer la Cor\u00e9e par la force. Bien que ce r\u00e9cit embellisse sans aucun doute certains d\u00e9tails, notamment la nature volontaire de la capitulation, l\u2019article montre qu\u2019il \u00e9claire n\u00e9anmoins l\u2019articulation entre la strat\u00e9gie diplomatique cor\u00e9enne et les objectifs politiques et id\u00e9ologiques de Khubilai et ses conseillers. La cour de Kory\u014f, dans le but d\u2019assurer la survie institutionnelle de la royaut\u00e9, repr\u00e9senta la Cor\u00e9e comme h\u00e9riti\u00e8re des traditions culturelles et politiques d\u2019un pass\u00e9 imp\u00e9rial, et partageant une cause commune avec les fonctionnaires de Khubilai qui cherchaient \u00e0 r\u00e9inventer l\u2019empire mongol \u00e0 l\u2019image des dynasties chinoises pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes. Cette convergence id\u00e9ologique se refl\u00e8te dans les lettres diplomatiques cor\u00e9ennes, dans l\u2019historiographie chinoise et cor\u00e9enne, ainsi que dans les \u00e9crits des proches conseillers chinois de Khubilai sur le th\u00e8me de la restauration imp\u00e9riale et du renouveau culturel. De plus, ces interactions ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 ins\u00e9rer la Cor\u00e9e dans le r\u00e9pertoire discursif de la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 politique : son r\u00f4le s\u2019y est trouv\u00e9 red\u00e9fini non comme un pays irr\u00e9dentiste objet de d\u00e9sir imp\u00e9rial mais comme un \u00e9l\u00e9ment de la construction de l\u2019autorit\u00e9 imp\u00e9riale.<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e2d\u6587<\/h3>\n<p>\u9ad8\u9e97\u4e16\u5b50\u65bc1259\u5e74\u5411\u5ffd\u5fc5\u70c8\u7684\u6295\u964d\u5ba3\u544a\u4e86\u8499\u53e4\u5e1d\u570b\u5c0d\u671d\u9bae\u534a\u5cf6\u9577\u9054\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u3002\u6839\u64da\u9ad8\u9e97\u6b63\u53f2\u300a\u9ad8\u9e97\u53f2\u300b\u7684\u8a18\u8f09,\u5ffd\u5fc5\u70c8\u5c07\u9ad8\u9e97\u738b\u671d\u7684\u9069\u6642\u9806\u670d\u8996\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u8d85\u8d8a\u5510\u592a\u5b97\u7684\u8868\u73fe,\u56e0\u70ba\u5510\u592a\u5b97\u6c92\u6709\u80fd\u5920\u6210\u529f\u5730\u6b66\u529b\u5f81\u670d\u671d\u9bae\u534a\u5cf6\u3002\u672c\u6587\u8a8d\u70ba,\u96d6\u7136\u8a72\u8a18\u8f09\u7d30\u7bc0\u8655\u986f\u6709\u6e32\u67d3\u4e4b\u5acc,\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u6295\u964d\u7684\u81ea\u9858\u6027\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0,\u4f46\u5b83\u9084\u662f\u6e96\u78ba\u6355\u6349\u5230\u4e86\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u7576\u6642\u9ad8\u9e97\u5916\u4ea4\u7b56\u7565\u8207\u5ffd\u5fc5\u70c8\u53ca\u5176\u8b00\u58eb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u610f\u5716\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u52d5\u614b\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u4fdd\u8b49\u738b\u6b0a\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u5ef6\u7e8c,\u9ad8\u9e97\u671d\u5ef7\u5c07\u671d\u9bae\u534a\u5cf6\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u4e2d\u539f\u5e1d\u7d71\u7684\u6587\u5316\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u907a\u7e3e,\u4ee5\u8fce\u5408\u5ffd\u5fc5\u70c8\u81e3\u4e0b\u5c07\u8499\u53e4\u5e1d\u570b\u91cd\u5851\u70ba\u4e2d\u539f\u5e1d\u738b\u7684\u6b63\u7d71\u7e7c\u627f\u8005\u3002\u9ad8\u9e97\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u4fe1\u51fd,\u4e2d\u570b\u8207\u9ad8\u9e97\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8a18\u8f09,\u4ee5\u53ca\u5ffd\u5fc5\u70c8\u7684\u6f22\u4eba\u89aa\u4fe1\u5728\u95dc\u65bc\u5e1d\u7d71\u5fa9\u8f9f\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u8208\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\u7684\u8da8\u540c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u6b64\u5916,\u9019\u7a2e\u4e92\u52d5\u4e5f\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u671d\u9bae\u534a\u5cf6\u88ab\u7d0d\u5165\u653f\u6cbb\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u9ad4\u7cfb,\u4f7f\u5f97\u671d\u9bae\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5f9e\u7d71\u4e00\u5929\u4e0b\u7684\u5f81\u670d\u5c0d\u8c61\u8f49\u8b8a\u6210\u5851\u9020\u5e1d\u570b\u6b63\u7d71\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u69cb\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>Keywords<\/h3>\n<p>Kory\u014f History, Hao Jing, tributary relations, Yel\u00fc Chucai, Mongol empire, Yuan<br \/>\ndynasty, Kory\u014f dynasty<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"d1121690e1774\">Acknowledgments<\/h2>\n<p>This project, which began as an idea for a Master\u2019s thesis at Columbia University, has benefited from the insights of many critical readers across its various iterations over the years. I thank especially Theodore Hughes, Gray Tuttle, the late JaHyun Kim Haboush, Robert Hymes, Sun Joo Kim, Dorothy Ko, Jungwon Kim, the three anonymous reviewers from\u00a0<em>T\u2019oung pao<\/em>\u00a0for their critiques and suggestions, as well as the University of Pennsylvania\u2019s James Joo-Jin Kim Program in Korean Studies for its support.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/brill.com\/view\/journals\/tpao\/104\/3-4\/article-p338_4.xml#container-12256-item-12257\">https:\/\/brill.com\/view\/journals\/tpao\/104\/3-4\/article-p338_4.xml#container-12256-item-12257<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2018 \u201cWhat Tang Taizong Could Not Do: The Kory\u014f Surrender of 1259 and the Imperial Tradition\u201d T\u2019oung Pao 104:3-4\u00a0(October). Abstract&hellip; <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/what-tang-taizong-could-not-do-the-koryo-surrender-of-1259-and-the-imperial-tradition-in-east-asia\/\">Read more <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">What Tang Taizong Could Not Do: The Kory\u014f Surrender of 1259 and the Imperial Tradition<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":467,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[9,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-103","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","category-publications"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/What-Tang-Taizong.png?fit=709%2C667&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p8Nhqs-1F","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":108,"url":"https:\/\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/loyalty-history-and-empire-qian-qianyi-and-his-korean-biographies\/","url_meta":{"origin":103,"position":0},"title":"Loyalty, History, and Empire: Qian Qianyi and His Korean Biographies","author":"Sixiang Wang","date":"June 2, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"2018 \u201cLoyalty, History, and Empire: Qian Qianyi and His Korean Biographies\u201d to be included in Representing Lives in East Asia, China and Korea 1400\u20131900, Cornell East Asia Series The life of Qian Qianyi \u9322\u8b19\u76ca (1582\u20131664) straddled the tumultuous Ming-Qing dynastic transition. Though a self-identified Ming loyalist, Qian did not, as\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Book Chapters&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Book Chapters","link":"https:\/\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/category\/publications\/book-chapters\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":297,"url":"https:\/\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/history-of-korea-1260-to-1876\/","url_meta":{"origin":103,"position":1},"title":"History of Korea, 1260 to 1876","author":"Sixiang Wang","date":"November 21, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Korea 180B in UCLA Registrar COURSE DESCRIPTION In 1260, after decades of intermittent warfare, the Kory\u014f dynasty of Korea capitulated to the Mongols, inaugurating a century of Mongol domination on the Korean peninsula. This period, which saw Korea's integration into the Mongol empire, also witnessed a number of changes, both\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Teaching&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Teaching","link":"https:\/\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/category\/teaching\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/K180B-Winter-2022-Poster.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/K180B-Winter-2022-Poster.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/K180B-Winter-2022-Poster.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/K180B-Winter-2022-Poster.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/K180B-Winter-2022-Poster.png?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/K180B-Winter-2022-Poster.png?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":447,"url":"https:\/\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/institute-for-korean-studies-indiana-university-wagging-the-imperial-dog-negotiated-autonomy-and-the-diplomacy-of-universal-empire-in-choson-korea-october-19-2018\/","url_meta":{"origin":103,"position":2},"title":"[Institute for Korean Studies, Indiana University] Wagging the Imperial Dog: Negotiated Autonomy and the Diplomacy of Universal Empire in Chos\u014fn Korea (October 19, 2018)","author":"Sixiang Wang","date":"October 1, 2018","format":"video","excerpt":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=qW5T6nFaeS4&","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Lectures, Talks, and Interviews&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Lectures, Talks, and Interviews","link":"https:\/\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/category\/public-lectures\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/qW5T6nFaeS4\/0.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":155,"url":"https:\/\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/korean-eunuchs-as-imperial-envoys-relations-with-choson-through-the-zhengde-reign\/","url_meta":{"origin":103,"position":3},"title":"Korean Eunuchs as Imperial Envoys:  Relations with Chos\u014fn through the Zhengde Reign","author":"Sixiang Wang","date":"December 14, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"2019 \"Korean Eunuchs as Imperial Envoys: Relations with Chos\u014fn through the Zhengde Reign.\" Chapter 23 in The Ming World, edited by Kenneth Swope Introduction excerpt: The usual way to describe Ming relations with Korea is through the notion of the \u201ctributary system.\u201d The Ming emperor, with the moral and cultural\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Book Chapters&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Book Chapters","link":"https:\/\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/category\/publications\/book-chapters\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":290,"url":"https:\/\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/boundless-winds-of-empire-rhetoric-and-ritual-in-early-choson-diplomacy-with-ming-china\/","url_meta":{"origin":103,"position":4},"title":"Boundless Winds of Empire: Rhetoric and Ritual in Early Chos\u014fn Diplomacy with Ming China","author":"Sixiang Wang","date":"November 21, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"2023. Boundless Winds of Empire: Rhetoric and Ritual in Early Chos\u014fn Diplomacy with Ming China. New York: Columbia University Press. For more than two hundred years after its establishment in 1392, the Chos\u014fn dynasty of Korea enjoyed generally peaceful and stable relations with neighboring Ming China, which dwarfed it in\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Monographs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Monographs","link":"https:\/\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/category\/publications\/monographs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Book Cover","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Boundless-Winds-Cover.png?fit=441%2C662&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":101,"url":"https:\/\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/the-story-of-the-eastern-chamber-dilemmas-of-vernacular-language-and-political-authority-in-eighteenth-century-choson\/","url_meta":{"origin":103,"position":5},"title":"The Story of the Eastern Chamber: Dilemmas of Vernacular Language and Political Authority in Eighteenth-Century Chos\u014fn","author":"Sixiang Wang","date":"June 2, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cThe Story of the Eastern Chamber: Dilemmas of Vernacular Language and Political Authority in Eighteenth-Century Chos\u014fn\u201d Journal of Korean Studies 24, no.1 (March) \u00a0 When we think of writing in premodern Korea, we usually think of them as being in either literary Chinese (hanmun) or vernacular Korean (hang\u016dl), a linguistic\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Articles&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Articles","link":"https:\/\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/category\/publications\/articles\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Story-of-Eastern-Chamber.png?fit=751%2C668&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Story-of-Eastern-Chamber.png?fit=751%2C668&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Story-of-Eastern-Chamber.png?fit=751%2C668&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Story-of-Eastern-Chamber.png?fit=751%2C668&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=103"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":499,"href":"https:\/\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103\/revisions\/499"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/467"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=103"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=103"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chosonhistory.org\/SixWang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=103"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}